ccna service provider pdf

ccna service provider pdf.7.3 Summary of CertificationVLSM allows you to use multiple subnet masks in the same classified network. the benefits of VLSM include more efficient address utilization and route summarization. To perform VLSM, take the following steps: find the segment that contains the most devices; select the appropriate subnet mask for this segment and list all subnets created using this subnet mask; select a newly created subnet and use a different subnet mask in it to divide it further divide it into multiple smaller subnets.Route summarization refers to the notification of a group of connected networks or subnets in the routing table as a single summarized route. Properly configured summarization can reduce the size of the routing table, reduce the number of network numbers advertised, and limit the reach of network problems, especially flipped routes.CIDR is a special type of route summarization.VLSM allows summarization only to categorical network boundaries: class A, class B, or class c network numbers; CIDR lets you summarize a series of connected categorical network numbers.To achieve aggregation, you must use a hierarchical addressing scheme in the network. By using a logical hierarchical addressing scheme, you can improve routing efficiency: reduce the size of routing tables, reduce the amount of memory and CPU cycles used for routing, and simplify routing troubleshooting. To implement route summarization, the routing protocol used must include a subnet mask in the routing update, but only classless protocols provide such functionality. Since classless protocols include network numbers and subnet masks in routing updates, they support subnet separation designs, but classification protocols do not. The router makes outgoing routing decisions based on the entire destination IP address.When creating a summary route, the first few digits of the network number being summarized must be the same. Do not forget that the first address in the coverage of the summary route must be a curtain of 2 or an integer multiple thereof. When performing a summary, you must know the number of addresses corresponding to the subnet mask byte value, for example, a subnet mask value of 192 corresponds to a number of 64 addresses.Chapter 7 VLSM 1577.4 Two-Minute SprintVLSM...VLSM enables you to use multiple different subnet masks in the same classified network..classless protocols such as BGP, IS-IS. OSPF, and RIPv2 support VLSMO .VLSM allows you to utilize addresses more efficiently as well as configure route summaries.