ccna update

ccna update.1 FastEthernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s) 8 Low-speed serial(sync/async)network interface(s) 1 Channelized Tl/PRIport(s) DRAM configuration is64 125Kbytes of non-volatile configuration memory. 32768K bytes ofprocessor board System flash(Read/Write)Configuration registeris0x2102In the middle of the above output are the words Systemrestarted,which is followed by the way the IOS device was last booted, in this case the device is powered on.The last line is the value of the configuration register, which determines how the router will boot up, including how to find the IOS and configuration files. The router's bootingstartup process is discussed in more detail in Chapter 15.Video 10.14The companion digital resource to this book contains a multimedia guide to using the command show version on Cisco routers.It is important to be familiar with the output of the command show version, including what it displays, such as the IOS version; the uptime; the amount of memory, NVRAM, and flash memory; the type and number of interfaces; and the values of the configuration registers. It also indicates how the IOS device was last booted, such as when the command reload was executed or when it was powered off and on again.10.6.4 Interface InformationA common network problem is that an enabled interface is not operating properly. In Ethernet, possible causes include the wrong type of cable being used (a straight-through cable is used when a crossover cable should be used or vice versa), mismatched speed or duplex settings, and a faulty cable. This section discusses how to diagnose these faults using the command show interfaces.