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ccna 200 301 booksmart trailer billie.Ethernet also uses the CSMA/CD protocol to help prevent conflicts from occurring and to manage retransmission behavior when they do occur. If you connect a hub to a switch. the switch must operate in half-duplex mode because the end device must be able to detect conflicts. Half-duplex Ethernet is only 30%.40% utilized, as a large lOOBaseT network will typically only provide you with 30.40Mbit/s bandwidth at most.Full-duplex Ethernet differs from half-duplex in that it uses two pairs of wires at the same time instead of one, and the full-duplex link uses a point-to-point connection between the transmitter of the sending device and the receiver of the receiving device. This means that when using the full-duplex data transfer method, you get a faster data transfer rate than in half-duplex mode, and there is no conflict on the line because different pairs of wires are used for sending data and receiving data.There is no need to worry about conflicts when using full-duplex mode because full-duplex is like a highway that provides multiple lanes, while half-duplex provides only a single lane. One would expect full-duplex Ethernet to provide 100% utilization on both sides up, for example with full-duplex 10 Mbit/s Ethernet you get 20 Mbit/s bandwidth, or with full-duplex Fast Ethernet you get 200 Mbit/s bandwidth. However, this rate is the so-called aggregate rate, which means that "you should be able to get" 100% utilization. But the actual network does not ensure that you can get that much bandwidth.Full-duplex Ethernet can be used in the following typical environments. Switch-to-Host connections. Switch-to-switch connections. Host-to-host connections via crossover cables. Switch-to-Router connections. Router-to-router connections.Chapter 3 Ethernet Technologies.When there are only two nodes, you need to use a point-to-point connection to implement full-duplex Ethernet. You can run full duplex mode on almost any device except a hub.Now assuming the device can accommodate all rates, why can't it still transmit data? Here's the thing, when a full-duplex Ethernet port is powered up, it first communicates with the remote port and then negotiates with it the parameters associated with the Fast Ethernet link. This behavior is called the auto-detection mechanism. This mechanism first determines the switching capability, which means that it first checks what rate the device can support, 10Mbit/s, 100Mbit/s, 1000Mbit/s or even 10000Mbit/so and thenIt checks if the device can run full duplex, and if not, it uses half duplex.Keep in mind that half-duplex Ethernet shares the same conflict domain and also has much lower total throughput than full-duplex Ethernet at the same rate; full-duplex Ethernet has a separate conflict domain per port and is much more throughput efficient.Finally, it is important to remember the following points.